Table of Contents
HIV/AIDS: Update for Health Care Workers
HIV / AIDS
What is HIV ?
What is AIDS ?
Schematic of HIV
Schematic of T cell being attacked by HIV virus
Clinical Stages of HIV Infection
Primary - Acute Stage
Asymptomatic Stage
AIDS Related Complex Stage
AIDS Stage
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The course of HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS Factors affecting progression
Opportunistic Infections
CMV retinitis
Pneumocystis pneumonia
MALIGNANCIES IN AIDS
Kaposi’s sarcoma
Primary brain lymphoma
Wasting Syndrome
Tuberculosis in HIV and AIDS Patients
HIV and AIDS Infection in Women
HIV / AIDS Infection in Children
Neurological Abnormalities in AIDS Dementia
ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS AND THERAPY
Antiviral Therapy Objectives
ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY The moving target
Drug Treatment of HIV/AIDS
Treatment of HIV / AIDS in Pregnant Women
ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS Nucleoside analogs
ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS Protease inhibitors
HIV therapy The changing paradigm
Treating primary HIV
How to define failure
Assisting adherence
Drug toxicities
Prophylaxis of opportunistic infections
Living with HIV / AIDS
Epidemiology of HIV / AIDS
HIV: The 4th Decade
AIDS is Present in Virtually Every Country in the World
Worldwide Summary of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic, December 2000
States Reporting Highest Number AIDS Cases in USA Data as of October 2000
AIDS Cases Reported in Florida through 1999 in Seniors ( > 50 years old)
In 1995 Total AIDS Deaths Declined for the First Time
You Are Never Too Old for Sex, But You May Be Too Young To Start
Every Year 3 Million Teens Acquire a Sexually Transmitted Disease
53% of All Sexually Active High School Students Used a Condom the Last Time They Had Sex
In Choosing Your Actions You Accept the Consequences
40% of Men and 58% of Women have had an STD diagnosis at some point in their lives
Florida is SECOND in the US in reported cases of AIDS in women and children.
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In 1999 23% of Florida TB Cases were HIV Positive
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HIV Testing
HIV TESTING
HIV Culture
HIV Antibody Testing
EIA/ELISA: Used as a Screening Test Since 1985
HIV IFA Testing: Used as a confirmatory test
Western Blot: Confirmatory Test
HIV Antigen Testing
HIV Antigen p24 Testing: Diagnostic Test used in Blood Banks since 1995
HIV RNA and DNA by PCR Diagnostic test
Interpretation of HIV Results
Blood Bank Screening for HIV
Risk of HIV associated with Blood Transfusions
Incidence of AIDS associated with blood transfusion in USA since 1985
RAPID TESTS
Legal Requirements associated with HIV in Florida
Informed Consent
Exceptions to Informed Consent
Exceptions to Informed Consent Post Exposure Testing
Significant Exposure
Pre-test Counseling
Post Test Counseling: Opportunity for Face to Face Counseling The rule leaves specific post-test counseling procedures to the individual medical practice.
Release of Results
Mandatory Offering of Testing to Pregnant Females
All HIV Positive Results are Reportable as of July 1997
Partner Notification
HIV Education
Non-Discrimination
Personal Protection
HIV Transmission
Risk Categories
Options Available For Personal Protection
Safer Sex Methods
When Using A Condom Remember To:
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Female Condoms
Protection During Oral SEX
Other Personal Protection Measures:
HIV in Older People
Steps to Reduce Risk of Vertical Transmission from Infected Mother to Infant
Steps to Reduce Postpartum Transmission From Mother to Infant
Transmission of HIV Through Blood Products
HIV Transmission via Organ Transplantation
HIV and AIDS
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO HIV
HIV Transmission
Bloodborne Pathogens Exposure Control Plan
Bloodborne Pathogen Exposure Control Plan Standard Universal Precautions
Personal Protective Equipment
Engineering Controls
Be Careful with Sharps!
Work Practice Controls
HANDWASHING RECOMMENDATIONS
HANDWASHING FOR PATIENT CARE
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Bloodborne Pathogens Exposure Facts
Potential for Transmission of Bloodborne Pathogens to Healthcare Workers
United States Healthcare Workers with Documented Occupationally Acquired HIV --1980- June, 2000
Occupationally Acquired HIV Infection in the US
HIV Post-exposure Conversion Factors
What should I do if an exposure occurs?
If it is wet and sticky and not yours,
HIV and AIDS Related Organizations, Hot lines and Resources
References:
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